Journal of Economic Perspectives
ISSN 0895-3309 (Print) | ISSN 1944-7965 (Online)
Oil for What?-Illicit Iraqi Oil Contracts and the U.N. Security Council
Journal of Economic Perspectives
vol. 19,
no. 4, Fall 2005
(pp. 193–206)
(Complimentary)
Abstract
The Oil-For-Food program was established by United Nations Security Council Resolution 986 in 1995 as a means of providing humanitarian relief to Iraq, which had been under U.N. economic sanctions since the Persian Gulf War in 1991. After the invasion of Iraq, considerable evidence emerged suggesting that Saddam Hussein was able to subvert the Oil-For-Food program to obtain hard currency as well as items on the United Nation's prohibited transfer list. In this paper, I use recently available data to examine how the Iraqi government used illicit contracts for underpriced oil to reward supporters. Although it may never be possible to prove conclusively that the Iraqi government used oil contracts as a mechanism to trade bribes for votes in the U.N. Security Council, I demonstrate that nations with seats on the Security Council received a greater number and a greater value of these contracts and that receipt of the contracts was positively associated with pro-Iraqi votes. I also find that Iraq was more likely to give contracts to countries on the Council that had exhibited prior support for the Iraqi regime.Citation
Heaton, Paul. 2005. "Oil for What?-Illicit Iraqi Oil Contracts and the U.N. Security Council." Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19 (4): 193–206. DOI: 10.1257/089533005775196741JEL Classification
- D72 Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
- D73 Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption
- F53 International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations
- O19 International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations
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